Method of verifying defect management area information of optical disc upon initialization without certification and test apparatus for performing the same

ABSTRACT

A method of verifying defect management area (DMA) information of an optical disc upon initialization without certification, and a test apparatus for performing the same. The method includes generating as test information, defect management information, which is generated after performing initialization without certification on a blank test disc to which no data is written, and verifying the test information using reference test information for the initialization without certification to provide a test result. Accordingly, it can be easily verified that a recording and reproducing apparatus properly translates and processes DMA information which is generated after initialization without certification, using a blank test disc.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of Korean Application No.00-18501, filed Apr. 8, 2000, in the Korean Patent Office and U.S.Provisional Application No. 60/195,468, filed Apr. 10, 2000, thedisclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] 1. Field of the Invention

[0003] The present invention relates to optical disc recording andreproducing technology, and more particularly, to a method of verifyingdefect management area information of a recordable and reproducibleoptical disc upon initialization without certification, and a testapparatus for performing the same.

[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art

[0005] Digital versatile disc-random access memory (DVD-RAM) discs havea defect management function of replacing defective areas with normalrecordable areas, and storing information necessary for the defectmanagement in a portion referred to as a defect management area (DMA)thereon. DMA information is repeatedly recorded in four portions on adisc: two portions in a lead-in area and two portions in a lead-outarea. DMA information is composed of a disc definition structure (DDS),a primary defect list (PDL) and a secondary defect list (SDL).

[0006] DMA information includes information on a spare area andimportant information on the start logical sector number of each zone,in addition to information on defects, which are detected duringcertification performed while a disc is being initialized or during useof a disc.

[0007] Some information included in the DMA can be immediately read andused. On the other hand, the DMA includes information, which varies withthe positions and the number of defects on a disc. That is, someinformation, for example, the position information of the start logicalsector number of each zone or the position information of a firstlogical sector number, can be obtained only by performing complexcomputation according to a given algorithm based on defect informationregistered in the DMA.

[0008] Since such DMA information is closely related to a physical datarecording position, a recording medium such as an optical disc, whichcan be used in a given recording and reproducing apparatus even if DMAinformation on the disc has been generated or updated in anotherrecording and reproducing apparatus, may not be compatible with bothrecording and reproducing apparatuses when the DMA information is wrong.To overcome this problem, an apparatus and method of verifying that arecording and reproducing apparatus correctly reads DMA information froma disc and correctly records DMA information on the disc is desired.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] To solve the above problem, a first object of the presentinvention is to provide a method of verifying that defect managementarea (DMA) information is correctly generated upon initializationwithout certification in an optical disc recording and reproducingapparatus.

[0010] A second object of the present invention is to provide a methodof verifying that DMA information is correctly generated uponinitialization without certification in a recording and reproducingapparatus for repeatedly recordable and reproducible DV-DRAM discs.

[0011] A third object of the present invention is to provide a testapparatus for verifying that DMA information is correctly generated uponinitialization without certification in an optical disc recording andreproducing apparatus.

[0012] Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be setforth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will beobvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of theinvention.

[0013] To achieve the above and other objects of the invention, there isprovided a method of verifying that DMA information is properlygenerated in a recording and reproducing apparatus which records orreproduces information on or from an optical disc with DMA information.The method includes generating as test information, defect managementinformation, which is generated after performing initialization withoutcertification on a blank test disc to which no data is written, andverifying the test information using reference test information for theinitialization without certification to provide the test result.

[0014] To further achieve the above and other objects of the invention,there is also provided an apparatus for testing a recording andreproducing apparatus which records or reproduces information on or froma recordable and reproducible optical disc with DMA information, tocheck whether the DMA information is properly generated. The apparatusincludes a modified drive unit which generates test information from theDMA information of the test disc, which is obtained after the recordingand reproducing apparatus performs initialization without certificationon a blank test disc to which no data is written; and a verifier whichverifies a test result by verifying the test information using referencetest information for initialization without certification.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The above objects and advantages of the present invention willbecome more apparent by describing in detail preferred embodimentsthereof with reference to the attached drawings in which:

[0016]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a test apparatus for performing amethod of verifying defect management area (DMA) information of anoptical disc upon initialization without certification according to thepresent invention;

[0017]FIG. 2 is a table showing check items arranged for verifying a DMAstructure upon initialization without certification;

[0018]FIG. 3 is a table showing check items arranged for verifying adisc definition structure (DDS) upon initialization withoutcertification;

[0019]FIG. 4 is a table showing check items arranged for verifying aprimary defect list (PDL) structure upon initialization withoutcertification;

[0020]FIG. 5 is a table showing check items arranged for verifying asecondary defect list (SDL) structure upon initialization withoutcertification; and

[0021]FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a drive to be tested shown in FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0022] Reference will now made in detail to the present preferredembodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustratedin the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are described below inorder to explain the present invention by referring to the figures.

[0023] An optical disc used in the present invention is a phase changerecording DVD-RAM having a capacity of 4.7 gigabytes (GB). DVD-RAMs aredefined in the DVD specification for rewritable discs version 2.0.

[0024]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a test apparatus for performing amethod of verifying the defect management area (DMA) information of anoptical disc upon initialization without certification according to thepresent invention.

[0025] A test type disc (hereinafter, referred to as a C-1 disc) 11 is adisc having only known physical defects which are intentionally made atpredetermined positions on a blank disc. However, in the presentinvention, the test type disc may be treated as a blank test disc towhich no data is written. Thus, as long as no “information” is recordedand only physical defects are present on the C-1 disc, the C-1 disc maybe regarded as being blank. A drive to be tested 110 performsinitialization without certification on the C-1 disc 11 to generate DMAinformation, and records the generated DMA information on the C-1 disc11. A C-1 disc initialized without certification 12 is withdrawn fromthe drive to be tested 110 and is loaded into a modified drive 120,which is capable of reading DMA information.

[0026] The modified drive 120 is manufactured exclusively for testingand may be referred to as a reference drive. The modified drive 120reads only the DMA information from the C-1 disc initialized withoutcertification 12 and generates a DMA mirror file 50 of the read DMAinformation for the C-1 disc initialized without certification 12 in afile system. The drive to be tested 110 is realized as, for example, aDVD-RAM recording and reproducing apparatus, and is designed not togenerate a mirror file of the DMA information.

[0027] When the recording and reproducing architecture of the DVD-RAMrecording and reproducing apparatus is divided into a file layer, a hostinterface layer for interfacing a host computer with the recording andreproducing apparatus, a physical drive layer for recording andreproducing physical signals, and a recording medium layer, sincephysical sector numbers of a disc are assigned by a recording medium anda physical drive, and logical sector numbers of a disc are assigned by ahost interface and a file system, writing and reading of DMA informationis performed in the physical drive layer and the layers therebelow.

[0028] Generally, when data is recorded on a recording medium in acomputer, a recording start position is determined based on a logicalsector number assigned by a file system. The file position indicated bya logical sector number is logical and relative position information.When a recording operation is performed in a drive, the logical sectornumber needs to be converted into a physical sector number indicating aposition, at which data is actually recorded on a disc taking intoaccount the physical state such as the state of defects of the disc.However, when user data is actually recorded by the file system, theuser data is transmitted to a recording and reproducing apparatus usingonly the logical sector number, and the recording and reproducingapparatus converts the logical sector number into the physical sectornumber, which indicates a position at which the data is actuallyrecorded, using defect management information. Accordingly, when defectmanagement information contained in a disc has erroneously been read andwritten in a given recording and reproducing apparatus, data cannot beexactly read from or written to the disc in another recording andreproducing apparatus.

[0029] Moreover, in the case of a DVD-RAM disc, every defect managementoperation is supposed to be performed by a drive so that the file systemor the host interface can record or reproduce a file without usinginformation related to completed physical defect management processes.Accordingly, most of the drives are not provided with a function ofrecording or reproducing information in or from a DMA, and moreover, arenot provided with a standard command for recording or reproducinginformation in or from the DMA. However, an environment must be preparedin any way such that data can be read by a computer, which can analyzethe DMA information, to determine whether the DMA information isproperly formed, and it must be possible to record accurate informationin a corresponding DMA to make a standard test disc. In order toeffectively perform such an operation, a modified drive for recording orreproducing information in or from the DMA is provided. This modifieddrive can be easily designed or obtained by those skilled in the art,and thus a description thereof will be omitted.

[0030] A verifier 130 compares the DMA mirror file 13 for the C-1 discinitialized without certification 12, which is generated by the modifieddrive 120 from the disc with DMA information generated by the drive tobe tested 110, with a reference DMA mirror file for the C-1 disc 11, andinforms the manufacturer or user of the result of performing a test tocheck whether DMA information is properly generated by the drive to betested 110 after initialization without certification. The reference DMAmirror file is stored in advance or is provided from the outside (acontroller for generating a DMA mirror file) although not shown. The DMAmirror file can be referred to as test information, and the referenceDMA mirror file can be referred to as predetermined test information.Moreover, the reference DMA mirror file may be referred to as a DMAinformation file which contains ideal data without errors, which canoccur when a drive normally performs an entire operation.

[0031] A verification method according to the present invention includesgenerating as test information, a DMA mirror file from DMA information,which is generated after performing initialization without certificationon a blank test disc to which no data is written, and verifying the testinformation using reference test information for the initializationwithout certification to provide the test result. The DMA mirror filecontains specific information for test purposes as well as all DMAinformation. The modified drive 120 can write DMA information in a DMAmirror file to a DMA area of a disc, and can save the DMA information ofthe disc into the DMA mirror file. The test items of the DMA informationto be verified upon initialization without certification will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 2 through 5.

[0032] As shown in FIG. 2, the check items for verifying a DMA structureare an error condition of DMA1 through DMA4, DDS/PDL update counters inDDS1 through DDS4 and in SDL1 through SDL4, SDL update counters in SDL1through SDL4, and contents of DMA1 through DMA4.

[0033] The error condition of a DMA item is for checking whether errorsexist in DMAs, two of which are located in a lead-in area and two ofwhich are located in a lead-out area. Uncorrectable errors must notexist in any of the four DMAs, DMA1, DMA2, DMA3 and DMA4. If anyuncorrectable error is detected in any one of the DMAs, the pertinentverification is determined to be a failure, and a test needs to beretried using a new test disc.

[0034] To verify the DDS/PDL and SDL update counter items uponinitialization without certification, it is checked whether the valuesM, which indicate the values of DDS/PDL update counters in four DDSs,i.e., DDS1, DDS2, DDS3 and DDS4, and in four SDLs, i.e., SDL1, SDL2,SDL3 and SDL4, and values k, which indicate increments of the DDS/PDLupdate counters representing a difference in the DDS/PDL update countersbefore and after a test, are “0.” It is also checked whether the valuesof the eight DDS/PDL update counters are the same. Here, the value ofeach DDS/PDL update counter indicates the total number of update andrewrite operations, which are performed on a DDS/PDL block. The value ofeach DDS/PDL update counter must be set to “0” at the beginning of theinitialization, and increased by one when a DDS/PDL block is updated orrewritten. When initialization is completed, the DDS/PDL and SDL blocksmust have the same update counter values. Similarly, it is checkedwhether the values N, which indicate the values of SDL update countersin four SDLs, i.e., SDL1, SDL2, SDL3 and SDL4, and values k, whichindicate the increments of the SDL update counters representing adifference in the SDL update counters before and after the test, are“0.” It is also checked whether the values of the four SDL updatecounters are the same.

[0035] However, since DMA information is generated only one time in thecase of initialization without certification, updating is not performed.Accordingly, the update counter value must to be set to the value “0”that is set when DMA information is first written.

[0036] To verify the contents of the DMA, it is checked whether thecontents of the four DMAs, i.e., DMA1, DMA2, DMA3 and DMA4, are thesame.

[0037] As shown in FIG. 3, check items for verifying the DDS in the DMAinclude a DDS identifier, a disc certification flag, a DDS/PDL updatecounter, a number of groups, a number of zones, a location of a primaryspare area, a location of a first logical sector number (LSN0), and astart LSN for each zone, etc.

[0038] It is verified that the DDS identifier is “0A0Ah.” It is checkedwhether the value of the bit position b7, which indicatesin-progress/not in-progress, in the one byte of the disc certificationflag, is “0b.” If the value of the bit position b7 is “0b,” thisindicates that formatting is complete. If the value of the bit positionb7 is “1b,” this indicates that formatting is in progress. Accordingly,when the value of the bit position b7 is “1b,” this indicates thatformatting is a failure. In addition, it is checked whether reserved bitpositions b6 through b2 in the disc certification flag are all “0b,” andit is checked whether the value of a bit position b1 indicating a usercertification flag is “0b.” It is also checked whether the value of abit position b0 indicating a disc manufacturer certification flag is“0b.”

[0039] To verify the corresponding DDS/PDL update counter, it is checkedwhether a value M indicating the DDS/PDL update counter value and avalue k indicating the increment of the DDS/PDL counter are “0.” It isalso checked whether the value of the number of groups is “0001h”indicating that the number of groups is 1, and whether the value of thenumber of zones is “0023h” indicating that the number of zones is 35.

[0040] Moreover, it is checked whether the first sector number of aprimary spare area is “031000h,” and whether the last sector number ofthe primary spare area is “0341FFh.” It is checked whether the locationof LSN0 and the start LSN for every zone, that is, the start LSNs of thesecond zone, Zone1, through the 35th zone, Zone34, are a predeterminedlogical sector number, which indicates that there is no defect in thecase of initialization without certification.

[0041] It is checked whether the remaining reserved areas (bytepositions 396 to 2047) in the DDS structure are all “00h.”

[0042] Additionally, a spare area for defect management on a disc isdivided into a primary spare area, a secondary spare area and asupplementary spare area. The primary spare area, which is firstassigned when a disc is initialized for replacement of defects, isprimarily used for slipping replacement. The remaining spare area can beused as the secondary spare area for linear replacement. The secondaryspare area, which is used for linear replacement of defects occurringwhile a disc is in use, is defined as a spare area, which remains afterthe primary spare area is used for the slipping replacement duringinitialization. Alternatively, the secondary spare area may beseparately assigned. The supplementary spare area is used for linearreplacement of defects occurring while the disc is in use. Thesupplementary spare area is additionally assigned while the disc is inuse after initialization.

[0043] When a spare area for linear replacement is lacking during theuse of a disc after initialization, a supplementary spare area forlinear replacement is assigned in such a manner that the supplementaryspare area is gradually increased by a predetermined size in a reversedirection starting from the end of a logical volume area in a filesystem. The supplementary spare area is also used in the reversedirection starting from the end of the logical volume area during linearreplacement.

[0044] As shown in FIG. 4, check items for verifying the PDL structurein a DMA include a PDL identifier, a number of entries in PDL, anintegrity of the PDL entries and an un-used area.

[0045] It is checked whether the PDL identifier is “0001h.” In the caseof initialization without certification, the number of entries in thePDL is supposed to be “0,” and the integrity of the PDL entries issupposed to have no information. Accordingly, it is checked whether“FFh” indicating an un-used area is written in areas for indicating aPDL entry type and a PDL entry.

[0046] As shown in FIG. 5, check items for verifying the SDL structurein a DMA include an SDL identifier, an SDL update counter, a startsector number of a secondary spare area (SSA), a total number of logicalsectors, a DDS/PDL update counter, a spare area full flag, a number ofentries in the SDL, an integrity of the SDL entries, an un-used area,reserved areas, etc.

[0047] It is checked whether the SDL identifier is “0002h.” It is alsochecked whether a value N indicating the corresponding SDL updatecounter value and a value k indicating the increment of the SDL updatecounter are “0.” It is checked whether a value M indicating thecorresponding DDS/PDL update counter value and a value k indicating theincrement of the SDL update counter are “0.”

[0048] In case of initialization without certification, it is supposedthat the start sector number of the SSA has a value corresponding to thesize of a secondary spare area, which is designated by the user duringthe initialization, and that the total number of logical sectors has avalue corresponding to the size of the secondary spare area. It is alsosupposed that information on the SDL entries does not exist in bytepositions which indicate the spare area full flag, the number of entriesin the SDL, and the integrity of the SDL entries. Accordingly, the sparearea full flag must indicate that the spare area is not full. The valueof the number of entries in the SDL must to be “00h.” Because the totalused area of the SDL is known, if the number of entries in the SDL ischecked, the size of the un-used area of the SDL can be determined.Accordingly, it is checked whether the size of the un-used area of themirror file of the C-1 disc is equal to the size of the un-used area ofthe SDL, which is known based on the number of entries in the SDL, andalso it is checked whether the un-used area is set to “FFh.” Also, it ischecked whether expected values of all reserved areas are “00h.”

[0049]FIG. 6 shows the drive to be tested 110 having a light source 22to emit light, a focusing element 24 to focus the light from the lightsource on a disc D, and a controller 26 which controls the light source22. The verification process described above seeks to verify the properoperation of the controller 26.

[0050] As described above, the present invention easily verifies that arecording and reproducing apparatus properly translates and processesDMA information which is generated after initialization withoutcertification, using a blank test disc to which no data is written.

[0051] Although a few embodiments of the present invention have beenshown and described, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the artthat changes may be made in these embodiments without departing from theprinciples and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined inthe claims and their equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of verifying that defect management area(DMA) information is properly generated in a recording and reproducingapparatus which records or reproduces information on or from an opticaldisc with DMA information, the method comprising: generating as testinformation, defect management information, which is generated afterperforming initialization without certification on a blank test disc towhich no data is written; and verifying the test information usingreference test information for the initialization without certificationto provide a test result.
 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the testinformation is a DMA mirror file.
 3. The method of claim 1 , wherein thegenerating comprises directly reading the test information from a DMAarea on the test disc initialized without certification.
 4. The methodof claim 1 , further comprising displaying the test result.
 5. Themethod of claim 1 , wherein the verifying comprises checking a DMAstructure, a disc definition structure (DDS), a primary defect list(PDL) structure and a secondary defect list (SDL) structure, which formthe test information, and checking whether PDL entries and SDL entriesdo not exist.
 6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the verifyingcomprises: verifying a structure of DMA of the test information;verifying a disc definition structure (DDS) in the DMA; verifying aprimary defect list (PDL) structure in the DMA; and verifying asecondary defect list (SDL) structure in the DMA.
 7. The method of claim6 , wherein the verifying the DMA structure comprises checking an errorcondition, DDS/PDL and SDL update counters and contents of the DMA. 8.The method of claim 7 , wherein: the checking of the error conditioncomprises checking whether errors exist in any one of four DMAs, whichis the DMA written in four positions on the test disc, two of which arelocated in a lead-in area and two of which are located in a lead-outarea on the test disc; the checking of the DDS/PDL update counterscomprises checking whether values of the DDS/PDL update counters in fourDDSs and in four SDLs and increments of the eight DDS/PDL updatecounters representing a difference in the DDS/PDL update counters beforeand after the performing of the reinitialization without certificationare all “0,” and checking whether the values of the eight DDS/PDL updatecounters are the same; the checking of the SDL update counters compriseschecking whether values of the SDL update counters in the four SDLs andincrements of the four SDL update counters representing a difference inthe SDL update counters before and after the performing of thereinitialization without certification are all “0” and checking whetherthe values of the four SDL update counters are the same; and thechecking of the contents of the DMA comprises checking whether thecontents of the four DMAs are the same.
 9. The method of claim 6 ,wherein the verifying of the DDS comprises checking a DDS identifier, adisc certification flag, a DDS/PDL update counter, a number of groups, anumber of zones, a location of a primary spare area, and a location of afirst logical sector number and a start logical sector number for eachzone.
 10. The method of claim 9 , wherein: the checking of the DDSidentifier comprises checking whether the DDS identifier is apredetermined value; the checking of the disc certification flagcomprises checking whether a value of a bit indicating in-progress inthe disc certification flag, a value of a bit indicating usercertification and the value of a bit indicating disc manufacturercertification are “0b;” the checking of the DDS/PDL update countercomprises checking whether the DDS/PDL update counter value and anincrement of the DDS/PDL update counter representing a difference in theDDS/PDL update counter before and after the performing of thereinitialization without certification are “0;” the checking of thenumber of groups comprises checking whether the number of groups is apredetermined number; the checking of the number of zones compriseschecking whether the number of zones is a predetermined number; thechecking of the location of the primary spare area comprises checkingwhether first and last sector numbers of the primary spare area arepredetermined sector numbers, respectively; the checking of the firstlogical sector number comprises checking whether the location of thefirst logical sector number is a predetermined logical sector number;and the checking of the start logical sector number comprises checkingwhether the start logical sector number for each zone is a predeterminedlogical sector number.
 11. The method of claim 6 , wherein the verifyingof the PDL structure comprises checking a PDL identifier, a number ofentries in the PDL and an the integrity of the PDL entries.
 12. Themethod of claim 11 , wherein: the checking of the PDL identifiercomprises checking whether the PDL identifier is a predetermined value;the checking of the number of entries comprises checking whether thenumber of entries in the PDL is set to “0;” and the checking of theintegrity of the PDL comprises checking whether the PDL entries do notexist.
 13. The method of claim 6 , wherein the verifying of the SDLstructure comprises checking an SDL identifier, an SDL update counter, astart sector number of a secondary spare area (SSA), a total number oflogical sectors, a DDS/PDL update counter, a spare area full flag, anumber of entries in the SDL, and an integrity of the SDL entries, anun-used area, and reserved areas.
 14. The method of claim 13 , wherein:the checking of the SDL identifier comprises checking whether the SDLidentifier is a predetermined value; the checking of the SDL updatecounter comprises checking whether the SDL update counter value and anincrement of the SDL update counter representing a difference in the SDLupdate counter before and after the performing of the reinitializationwithout certification are “0;” the checking of the DDS/PDL updatecounter comprises checking whether the DDS/PDL update counter value andan increment of the DDS/PDL update counter representing a difference inthe DDS/PDL update counter before and after the performing of thereinitialization without certification are “0;” the checking of thestart sector number of the SSA, the total number of logical sectors, thespare area full flag, the number of the entries of the SDL, and theintegrity of the SDL entries comprises checking whether the start sectornumber of the SSA and the total number of logical sectors are correctlyset to values designated during the initialization, whether the sparearea full flag is not full, whether the number of entries in the SDL is“00h,” and whether information on the SDL entries do not exist,respectively; and the checking of the un-used area and the reservedareas comprises checking a size of the un-used area of the SDL andwhether the un-used area is a predetermined value, and whether thereserved areas are predetermined values
 15. The method of claim 1 ,wherein the recording and reproducing apparatus is a digital versatiledisc-random access memory (DVD-RAM).
 16. The method of claim 2 , whereinthe reference test information is a reference DMA mirror file.
 17. Themethod of claim 16 , wherein the reference DMA mirror file containsideal data without errors.
 18. The method of claim 8 , wherein thechecking whether errors exist in any one of the four DMAs comprises:checking whether there are any uncorrectable errors in the four DMAs;and determining the verification to be a failure if any uncorrectableerror is found.
 19. The method of claim 10 , wherein the bit indicatingin-progress in the disc certification flag is b7, the bit indicatinguser certification is b1, the bit indicating disc manufacturercertification is b0, and bits b6 through b2 of the disc certificationflag are reserved bits, wherein the checking of the disc certificationflag further comprises checking whether a value of each of the reservedbits is “0b”.
 20. The method of claim 12 , wherein the verifying of thePDL structure further comprises: checking whether an unused area of thePDL is a predetermined value.
 21. The method of claim 14 , wherein theverifying of the SDL structure further comprises: checking whether anunused area of the SDL is a predetermined value.
 22. A method ofverifying whether defect management area (DMA) information is properlygenerated or updated in a recording and reproducing apparatus whichrecords or reproduces information on or from an optical disc with theDMA information, the method comprising: generating test information fromthe DMA information, which is generated after performing initializationwithout certification; and executing a test for verifying the testinformation using reference test information.
 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the test information is a DMA mirror file and the referencetest information is a reference DMA mirror file.
 24. The method of claim22 , wherein the executing the test comprises: checking a structure of aDMA, a disc definition structure (DDS) of the DMA, a primary defect list(PDL) structure and a secondary list (SDL) structure of the DMA, whichform the test information.
 25. An apparatus for testing a recording andreproducing apparatus which records or reproduces information on or froma recordable and reproducible optical disc with defect management area(DMA) information to check whether the DMA information is properlygenerated, the apparatus comprising: a modified drive unit generatingtest information from the generated DMA information of a test disc,which is obtained after the recording and reproducing apparatus performsinitialization without certification on the test disc; and a verifiercomparing the test information with predetermined test information ofthe initialization without certification, to verify a test result. 26.The apparatus of claim 25 , wherein the test information is a DMA mirrorfile and the predetermined test information is a reference DMA mirrorfile.
 27. The apparatus of claim 25 , wherein the modified drive unitreads the test information from a DMA area on the test disc and providesthe test information to the verifier.
 28. The apparatus of claim 25 ,wherein the test disc is a disc on which known physical defects areformed on a blank disc prior to the performing of the initializationwithout certification.
 29. The apparatus of claim 25 , wherein theverifier compares the test information with the predetermined testinformation by checking a structure of a DMA, a disc definitionstructure (DDS) of the DMA, a primary defect list (PDL) structure and asecondary list (SDL) structure of the DMA, which form the testinformation.
 30. A method of verifying whether a recording andreproducing apparatus reads and processes defect management area (DMA)information properly, comprising: performing initialization withoutcertification on a test disc containing predetermined known physicaldefect information, to generate test information; and comparing the testinformation with reference test information to determine a verificationof the recording and reproducing apparatus.
 31. The method of claim 30 ,wherein the performing of the initialization without certificationcomprises: having the recording and reproducing apparatus perform theinitialization without certification on the test disc, to generate adisc with the DMA information, and reading only the DMA information fromthe disc using a reference drive, to generate a DMA mirror file as thetest information; wherein the reference test information is a referenceDMA mirror file.
 32. The method of claim 30 , wherein the comparingcomprises: checking a structure of a DMA, a disc definition structure(DDS) of the DMA, a primary defect list (PDL) structure and a secondarylist (SDL) structure of the DMA, which form the test information.
 33. Amethod of verifying whether a recording and reproducing apparatus readsand processes defect management area (DMA) information properly,comprising: performing certification without reinitialization on a testdisc containing predetermined known physical defects using thereproducing and recording apparatus to generate the DMA information;generating test information from the generated DMA information; andcomparing the test information with reference test information todetermine a verification of the recording and reproducing apparatus. 34.The method of claim 33 , wherein the comparing comprises: checking astructure of a DMA, a disc definition structure (DDS) of the DMA, aprimary defect list (PDL) structure and a secondary list (SDL) structureof the DMA, which form the test information.
 35. DMA information whichis properly generated by a recording and reproducing apparatus using theprocess of: performing certification without reinitialization on a testdisc using the reproducing and recording apparatus to generate the DMAinformation; generating test information from the generated DMAinformation; and comparing the test information with reference testinformation to determine a verification of the recording and reproducingapparatus.
 36. The DMA information of claim 35 , wherein the DMAinformation comprises a structure of the DMA, a disc definitionstructure (DDS) of the DMA, a primary defect list (PDL) and a secondarylist (SDL) structure of the DMA, wherein the comparing comprises:checking the structure of the DMA, the disc definition structure (DDS)of the DMA, the primary defect list (PDL) structure and the secondarylist structure (SDL) of the DMA, which form the test information.
 37. Arecording and reproducing apparatus verified according to the processof: performing certification without reinitialization on a test disc togenerate DMA information; generating test information from the generatedDMA information; and comparing the test information with reference testinformation to determine a verification of the recording and reproducingapparatus.
 38. The recording and reproducing apparatus of claim 37 ,wherein the comparing the test comprises: checking a structure of a DMA,a disc definition structure (DDS) of the DMA, a primary defect list(PDL) structure and a secondary list (SDL) structure of the DMA, whichform the test information.
 39. A recording and reproducing apparatusverified according to the process of: performing initialization withoutcertification on a test disc containing predetermined defect informationto generate test information; and comparing the test information withreference test information to determine a verification of the recordingand reproducing apparatus.
 40. The recording and reproducing apparatusof claim 39 , wherein the comparing the test comprises: checking astructure of a DMA, a disc definition structure (DDS) of the DMA, aprimary defect list (PDL) structure and a secondary list (SDL) structureof the DMA, which form the test information.
 41. An apparatus fortesting a recording and reproducing apparatus which records orreproduces information on or form a recordable and reproducible opticaldisc with defect management area information to check whether DMAinformation is properly generated, the apparatus comprising: a modifieddriver generating test information based on the DMA information of atest disc generated by a reproducing device performing initializationwithout certification on the test disc; and a verifier comparing thetest information with reference test information to determine averification of the recording and reproducing apparatus.
 42. Theapparatus of claim 41 , wherein the modified driver reads only the DMAinformation from the test disc, to generate a DMA mirror file as thetest information; wherein the reference test information is a referenceDMA mirror file.
 43. The apparatus of claim 41 , wherein the verifierreceives the reference test information from an external source to makethe comparison between the test information and the reference testinformation.
 44. The apparatus of claim 41 , wherein the verifiercompares the test information with the predetermined test information bychecking a structure of a DMA, a disc definition structure (DDS) of theDMA, a primary defect list (PDL) structure and a secondary list (SDL)structure of the DMA, which form the test information.
 45. A method ofmanufacturing a compliant recording and reproducing apparatus,comprising: manufacturing an uncertified recording and reproducingapparatus that updates and generates defect management area (DMA)information; and verifying whether the uncertified recording andreproducing apparatus is compliant with a standard, said verifyingcomprising: performing initialization without certification on a testdisc to generate test information, and comparing the test informationwith reference test information to determine a verification of therecording and reproducing apparatus, the verification indicating thatthe uncertified recording and reproducing apparatus is compliant withthe standard.
 46. The method of claim 45 , wherein the comparingcomprises: checking a structure of a DMA, a disc definition structure(DDS) of the DMA, a primary defect list (PDL) structure and a secondarylist (SDL) structure of the DMA, which form the test information.
 47. Adisc recording and reproducing apparatus for recording and reproducinginformation on an optical disc, comprising: a light source to emit alight; a focusing element to focus the light onto the optical disc torecord and reproduce the information; and a controller to control saidlight source, said controller being verified to update and generatedefect management area (DMA) information by performing initializationwithout certification on a test disc to generate test information, andcomparing the test information with reference test information todetermine the verification of the recording and reproducing apparatus.48. The disc recording and reproducing apparatus of claim 47 , whereinthe controller checks a structure of a DMA, a disc definition structure(DDS) of the DMA, a primary defect list (PDL) structure and a secondarylist (SDL) structure of the DMA, which form the test information.
 49. Adisc recording and reproducing apparatus for recording and reproducinginformation on an optical disc: a light source to emit a light; afocusing element to focus the light onto the optical disc for recordingand reproducing the information; and a controller to control said lightsource and to update and generate defect management area informationafter performing initialization without certification on the opticaldisc so that the defect management information is compliant with astandard.
 50. The disc recording and reproducing apparatus of claim 49 ,wherein the controller checks a structure of a DMA, a disc definitionstructure (DDS) of the DMA, a primary defect list (PDL) structure and asecondary list (SDL) structure of the DMA, which form the testinformation.
 51. An apparatus for testing a recording and reproducingapparatus which records or reproduces information on or from arecordable and reproducible optical disc with defect management area(DMA) information to check whether DMA information is properlygenerated, the apparatus comprising: a modified drive unit generatingtest information from the DMA information recorded on the test disc,which is obtained after the recording and reproducing apparatus performsinitialization without certification on a blank test disc to which nodata is written; and a verifier verifying a test result by verifying thetest information using reference test information for initializationwithout certification.
 52. The apparatus of claim 51 , wherein the testinformation is a DMA mirror file.
 53. The apparatus of claim 51 ,wherein the modified drive unit reads the test information directly froma DMA area on the test disc initialized without certification.
 54. Theapparatus of claim 51 , wherein the verifier checks a DMA structure, adisc definition structure (DDS), a primary defect list (PDL) structureand a secondary defect list (SDL) structure, which form the testinformation, and checks whether PDL entries and SDL entries do notexist.
 55. The apparatus of claim 54 , wherein for verifier checks theDMA structure by checking an error condition of the DMA, DDS/PDL and SDLupdate counters and contents of the DMA.
 56. The apparatus of claim 55 ,wherein the verifier checks whether errors exist in four DMAs, which isthe DMA written in four positions on the test disc, two of which arelocated in a lead-in area and two of which are located in a lead-outarea on the test disc, whether values of the DDS/PDL update counters infour DDSs and increments of the DDS/PDL counters representing adifference in the DDS/PDL update counters before and after theperforming of the reinitialization without certification are all “0,”whether values of the DDS/PDL update counters in four SDLs andincrements of the DDS/PDL update counters representing a difference inthe SDL update counters before and after the performing of thereinitialization without certification are all “0,” whether the valuesof the eight DDS/PDL update counters are the same, whether values of theSDL update counters in the four SDLs and the increments of the four SDLupdate counters are all “0,” whether the values of the four SDL updatecounters are the same, and whether contents of the four DMAs are thesame.
 57. The apparatus of claim 54 , wherein the verifier checks theDDS by checking a DDS identifier, a disc certification flag, a DDS/PDLupdate counter, a number of groups, a number of zones, a location of aprimary spare area, a location of a first logical sector number and astart logical sector number for each zone.
 58. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the verifier checks whether the DDS identifier is apredetermined value, whether a value of a bit indicating in-progress inthe disc certification flag, a value of a bit indicating usercertification and a value of a bit indicating disc manufacturercertification are “0b,” whether the DDS/PDL update counter value and anincrement of the DDS/PDL update counter representing a difference in theDDS/PDL update counter before and after the performing of thereinitialization without certification are “0O” checks the number ofgroups and the number of zones, and checks whether first and last sectornumbers of the primary spare area are predetermined sector numbers,whether the location of the first logical sector number is apredetermined logical sector number and whether the start logical sectornumber for each zone is a predetermined logical sector number.
 59. Theapparatus of claim 54 , wherein the verifier checks the PDL structure bychecking a PDL identifier, a number of entries in the PDL and anintegrity of the PDL entries.
 60. The apparatus of claim 59 , whereinthe verifier checks whether the PDL identifier is a predetermined value,whether the number of entries in the PDL is set to “0” and whether thePDL entries do not exist.
 61. The apparatus of claim 54 , whereinverifier checks the SDL structure by checking an SDL identifier, an SDLupdate counter, a start sector number of a secondary spare area (SSA), atotal number of logical sectors, a DDS/PDL update counter, a spare areafull flag, a number of entries in the SDL, and an integrity of the SDLentries.
 62. The apparatus of claim 61 , wherein the verifier checkswhether the SDL identifier is a predetermined value, whether the SDLupdate counter value and an increment of the SDL update counterrepresenting a difference in the SDL update counter before and after theperforming of the reinitialization without certification are “0,”whether the DDS/PDL update counter value and an increment of the DDS/PDLupdate counter representing a difference in the DDS/PDL update counterbefore and after the performing of the reinitialization withoutcertification are “0,” whether the start sector number of the SSA andthe total number of logical sectors are correctly set to valuesdesignated during the initialization, whether the spare area full flagis not full, whether the number of entries in the SDL is “00h,” andwhether information on the SDL entries exists.